Child poverty rates vary widely across OECD economies, ranging from less than 5% in Finland to nearly 30% in Costa Rica.
This visualization, via Visual Capitalist’s Melissa Garside, ranks OECD countries by the share of children ages 0–17 living below the poverty line in 2023. The poverty line is defined as half the median household income of the total population, meaning the measure is relative to living standards within each country. As a result, countries with the same poverty rate can differ in the absolute income levels of households classified as poor.
The data for this visualization comes from the OECD Income Distribution Database. It presents 2023 data, the latest available as of August 2026, covering OECD member countries as well as Bulgaria, Croatia, and Romania, which are currently in the accession process.
Costa Rica Has Highest Child Poverty Rate in OECD
Costa Rica stood well above the rest of the ranking. Its 29.6% child poverty rate was 6.4 percentage points higher than Israel’s, the next-highest country at 23.2%.
High living costs and a large informal labor market are among the factors that can leave households with children particularly vulnerable to poverty.
| Rank | Country | Living Below the Poverty Line (%, Ages 0-17) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | 29.6 |
| 2 | 🇮🇱 Israel | 23.2 |
| 3 | 🇪🇸 Spain | 21.5 |
| 4 | 🇺🇸 United States | 21.1 |
| 5 | 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 19.1 |
| 6 | 🇷🇴 Romania | 17.7 |
| 7 | 🇬🇧 UK | 15.8 |
| 8 | 🇮🇹 Italy | 14.5 |
| 9 | 🇨🇦 Canada | 14.0 |
| 10 | 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 13.5 |
| 11 | 🇱🇹 Lithuania | 12.8 |
| 12 | 🇸🇰 Slovakia | 12.8 |
| 13 | 🇵🇹 Portugal | 12.5 |
| 14 | 🇭🇷 Croatia | 12.3 |
| 15 | 🇬🇷 Greece | 12.3 |
| 16 | 🇫🇷 France | 12.0 |
| 17 | 🇭🇺 Hungary | 11.3 |
| 18 | 🇱🇻 Latvia | 10.0 |
| 19 | 🇦🇹 Austria | 9.8 |
| 20 | 🇩🇪 Germany | 9.1 |
| 21 | 🇨🇭 Switzerland | 9.1 |
| 22 | 🇨🇿 Czechia | 8.8 |
| 23 | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 8.5 |
| 24 | 🇸🇪 Sweden | 8.4 |
| 25 | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 8.4 |
| 26 | 🇪🇪 Estonia | 8.2 |
| 27 | 🇧🇪 Belgium | 7.9 |
| 28 | 🇵🇱 Poland | 7.8 |
| 29 | 🇳🇴 Norway | 6.9 |
| 30 | 🇮🇪 Ireland | 6.8 |
| 31 | 🇸🇮 Slovenia | 6.2 |
| 32 | 🇫🇮 Finland | 4.6 |
The child poverty rate in Israel, one of the OECD countries with the youngest populations, is highly concentrated among two groups: Ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) Jews and Israeli Arabs. Both groups have child poverty rates of nearly 50%.
One in Five American Children Live in Poverty
The United States had the fourth-highest child poverty rate among OECD countries at 21.1%, just behind Spain at 21.5%.
Despite the country’s high overall wealth, roughly one in five U.S. children lived in households with incomes below half the national median. This illustrates the distinction between national wealth and how income is distributed among households with children.
The number of households living in poverty also varies significantly by state.
Northern Europe Has Some of the Lowest Child Poverty Rates
At the other end of the scale, Finland had the lowest child poverty rate at 4.6%, followed by Slovenia at 6.2%, Ireland at 6.8%, and Norway at 6.9%.
The difference between the extremes is substantial: Costa Rica’s child poverty rate was more than six times Finland’s. Four countries in the ranking had rates above 20%, while 10 had rates below 9%.
Because the OECD measure is relative to each country’s median income, these differences reflect how children fare within their own national income distribution rather than differences in absolute living standards between countries.
If you found this topic interesting, read People With Dependent Children Face Higher Poverty on Voronoi.